Apartment design consultant

In the major cities of our country in recent years, hundreds of high-rise buildings have been built for residential, commercial, office or combined into a multi-purpose complex.
The design of these types of houses was originally done by foreign countries and recently a part of it was undertaken by our country's Design Consulting Companies , including Licogi 16.8 .
In VietNam The uniform design standards have not been issued on this issue, so it is difficult for the design leader to cover all the requirements of the design of high-rise buildings. To support design consulting, we will introduce a number of foreign high-rise building design standards to contribute to better design.

The main contents of the aforementioned standards include the following parts :

• General principles of design, construction and exploitation;
• Solution ground, architectural shapes and functional parts;
  
• Loads and impacts, calculation required;
• Construction geological survey;
• Foundations and underground parts;
• Solution structure of the structure on the foundation;
• Heat supply, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning;
• Elevator;
• Power supply, power generation and lighting;
• Automation, information and signals;
• Environmental protection and hygiene requirements;
• Insulation;
• Fire prevention measures;
• Garbage collection and dust collection;
• Overall safety assurance;
• Monitoring. 
  

General principles in the design of high-rise buildings

The design of a high-rise building including common premises, architectural solutions, plans and cube solutions must comply with urban general planning requirements, functional requirements and typicalization requirements [1] or can see tall buildings with single design [3]. The design task of high-rise buildings must be approved by management agencies such as planning, architecture, fire prevention ...

High-rise buildings, on the highest level of importance (according to GOST 27751) and grade 4 according to classification of calculation service time (according to ISO 2394) with reliability coefficient according to importance and safety factor general and partial.
The reliability coefficient by importance [1,3] must be determined under the separate conditions but not less than:
1.1 when the house is 100m high;
1.15 when the house is 100 to 150m high;
1.2 when the house is 150 to 200m high.
When calculating the enclosure and the connecting nodes, the reliability coefficient is equal to 1.0.

In the design of a high-rise building, there must be a number of integrated scientific and technical measures, including geotechnical observations, monitoring of the state of load-bearing structures and building facade systems, and experiments. required in terms of structure and materials. Materials, structural details and structures must be certified in accordance with the design requirements.
Due to the aerodynamic complexity of a high-rise building, it is necessary to study the aerodynamic characteristics, clarify the effects of the tall buildings on the surrounding structures and accessible land as well as stress and deformation states. of bearing and covering structures, foundation and ground. This study should be conducted in 2 phases:

Stage 1 : Modeling the aerodynamic problem by numerical methods to have

oriented data on the above-mentioned issues;

Stage 2 : Test the house or their complexes in the aerodynamic tube

to obtain experimental data on the distribution of mass and wind direction, speed and pressure (value of the aerodynamic coefficients) and the variation of the model.

This aerodynamic test work must be done in a licensed / certified laboratory.

Calculating houses and structures under the influence of wind should be done at the construction stage and at the time of use.

At the construction stage, it is advisable to proceed with taking into account the order of construction and installation technology, starting from temporary fixation and door holes in the outer walls, inside walls and partitions.

At the stage of use, it is recommended to calculate the exterior covering structure of the house, taking into account the façade structure solution and when necessary, perform the calculation taking into account the discrete structure of the enclosure.

Do not build tall buildings on land with radon gas (Rn) and check carefully when placing the structure in earthquake zone and active geological faults.

Structures that cover the outside of high-rise buildings as well as interior walls between apartments must have high resistance to wind penetration (including sealing materials for floors and door slits) to prevent a drop in air pressure. gas between the top and bottom floors of the house, because otherwise it will change the indoor temperature, especially the bottom floor and the elevator door will not work well.

When a high-rise building is combined with civil defense measures, it must comply with the requirements of the respective defense standards and the agreement of the defense party and they must be shown in the organization of the premises as well as the structure. other bearing of the house. Human safety must be ensured in a high-rise building, with special attention being paid to:

• There is a place for technological equipment for fire prevention and fighting (radio-operated system);
  

• Monitoring station of main bearing structures of the house (can be combined with operator station) and location of station's measuring points.
  

Legal status (companies, organizations and experts) need to implement organizational - technical measures in the overall safety assurance system, including: Scientific and technical instruction and monitoring of tall buildings at the stages of design, construction and operation, combine with the international quality system (according to GOST ISO 900-2001) to obtain certificates / permits on this issue as well as use insurance risks in construction and exploitation.

Construction design documents should contain the following documents: Technical passport of the house and house use rules, which include all the basic features of the house and the respective technical system. This usage rule is drafted by design consultants and must be made for each house.

In the design dossier, it is necessary to clearly state the limit / allowable deviation during construction. In order to ensure the normal working of the technical equipment system, when ordering equipment to purchase the equipment, the data on the largest deviation calculated according to the calculation of the structure accompanying the equipment must be clearly presented …….

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